Rivers, Waterfalls, and Hot Springs Along the ABC Trek

The Annapurna Base Camp (ABC) Trek is known for its soaring peaks and Himalayan panoramas. But what silently captures each trekker’s attention is the ABC Trek rivers, waterfalls, and hot springs.

The journey to the Annapurna Sanctuary is shaped by the water trail. Here, glaciers, rivers carve ancient gorges, and waterfalls echo through lush rhododendron and bamboo forests. For many trekkers, the springs, streams, and hot pools become as memorable as the snow‑capped peaks.

From the first suspension bridge crossing, over a rushing river, to navigating through glacial streams, the ABC trek unfolds the real, raw beauty of the Himalayas. All these experiences offer a refreshing, wild, healing, and deep connection with nature to its visitors.

Along the ABC Trek, water isn’t just a backdrop; it’s a part of the landscape that guides your steps and shapes your entire journey. The constant roar of Modi Khola pace along with the trekkers heading up the valley. And the warm hot spring of Jhinu Danda eases tired muscles after days of trekking.

Trekkers often describe these moments as the unexpected highlights of the journey, small and therapeutic.

In this guide, we’ll explore the ABC trek rivers, waterfalls, and hot springs, which make this route one of the most naturally diverse trekking routes in Nepal. Whether you’re planning your first trek or returning to relive the magic of the Annapurna region, this guide will give you a deep understanding and even more intimate connection with the trail.

Understanding the ABC Trail’s Water System

The water system of the ABC Trek is fed primarily by glacial melt from some of the highest peaks in the World, including Annapurna South, Hiunchuli, and Machhapuchhre (Fishtail). These water system gives life to several plants and animals in the Annapurna region.

Knowing how the water flows, where it originates, and how it behaves seasonally provides a clear idea to trekkers and allows them to plan accordingly.

Modi Khola River Basin

The Modi Khola River Basin, covering approximately 675 km², is the heart of the ABC Trek. Formed from the melted snow and glacial ice from the Annapurna Range, the river flows all the way to the lowlands.

For almost the entire trek, the Modi Khola River flows alongside trekkers, either directly or from the surrounding ridgelines.

The valley around Modi Khola changes from terraced fields and farmland to narrow, rocky alpine slopes as to treks higher. Its water is cold, swift, and often unsuitable for direct drinking without purification.

Annapurna South & Hiunchuli Glacial Systems

Likewise, Annapurna South and Hiunchuli glacial river systems nourish the Annapurna valley. This constantly flowing meltwater forms several small streams and rivers that eventually merge into the Modi Khola.

This meltwater influences everything, from the formation of waterfalls to the humidity levels inside the forests.

Seasonal Water Flow Dynamics

During pre-monsoon and monsoon, rivers swell, and waterfalls broaden, making these ABC Trek rivers and waterfalls more fascinating, but also requiring extra caution.

Post-monsoon months offer stable, clear flows, while winter turns many cascades into ice formations.

Major Rivers Along the ABC Trail

The ABC Trek rivers are a complex and ever-evolving water system. These rivers and tributaries nourish the valley’s flora, shape the terrain, and form gorges and waterfalls.

While the ABC Trek rivers are dominated by the Modi Khola, several secondary rivers play crucial roles in the region’s hydrology.

Below are the principal ABC Trek rivers and streams that trekkers encounter in the ABC route.

Modi Khola

As mentioned before, Modi Khola is a glacial-fed river, and the largest river trekkers encounter along the trail. It originates from the Annapurna massif itself, water collected from Annapurna South, Hiunchuli, and various glaciers.

The main trekking route follows the Modi Khola valley, especially after you leave high alpine meadows, near Sinuwa, Bamboo, Dovan, Himalaya, and Deurali.

Its cold, fast-flowing waters support aquatic life such as Himalayan snow trout as well as various other wildlife species.

Tributaries and Smaller Streams: Kimrong Khola, Chhomrong Khola, Others

Along the lower and middle sections of the trek, especially between villages like Tadapani, Chomrong, Sinuwa, and Bamboo, the trail crosses several smaller rivers/streams.

Streams such as:

Kimrong Khola

The Kimrong Khola is a key tributary of Modi Khola, located between Tadapani and Chhomrong. Trekkers cross this river via a suspension bridge in the Kimrong Valley, before climbing steeply towards Chhomrong village.

Kimrong Khola is smaller than Modi Khola, but it is equally beautiful and shows seasonal changes, gentle and narrow in winter but strong during the monsoon.

The valley around Kimrong Khola is popular for its birdlife, featuring pheasants, thrushes, and langur monkeys in the surrounding forests.

Jhinu Khola

While small in size, Jhinu Khola’s significance is closely tied to the famous Jhinu Hot Spring located along its banks.

Jhinu Khola flows below Jhinu Danda and eventually meets the Modi Khola. The stream runs through dense subtropical forest, creating a soothing, ambient sound that trekkers often notice while descending toward Jhinu Hot Springs.

Jhinu Khola remains relatively narrow for most of the year, but increases in flow during heavy rainfall, making the surrounding terrain humid and slippery.

Near its confluence with the Modi Khola, the river creates a peaceful riverside environment. The warm geothermal water is mixed with the colder stream. It’s a unique natural setting that trekkers gently enjoy after long walking days.

Chomrong Khola

Deep-cut mountain river that divides Chhomrong from the Sinuwa, Chhomrong Khola is one of the most memorable sections on the ABC Trek. The dramatic elevation losses and gains make the river particularly challenging and memorable.

Bhurungdi Khola

Often spelled Bhurungdi or Bhurung Khola, Bhrungdi Khola is another significant tributary of Modi Khola, flowing in the Ghorepani Poon Hill Trek section.

The Birethanti village sits right at the confluence of the Modi Khola and Bhrungdi rivers. This junction is an important entry point for trekkers entering the Annapurna Conservation Area from the Ghorepani region.

From Birethanti, the trail follows the north bank of Bhrungdi Khola upstream toward Hile and Tikhedhunga. The river flows through terraced fields and a subtropical, dense rhododendron forest in the Ghorepani Poon Hill area.

Trekkers typically cross this river via suspension bridge, before starting the famous stone staircase climb to Ulleri. This river is a powerful reminder to trekkers that they are in the Himalayan terrain.

Waterfalls Along the ABC Trail

One of the romantic, alluring aspects of trekking in the Annapurna region is the waterfalls. Sometimes heard before seen, sometimes tucked away behind forest or cliffs, even without your notice, these waterfalls become a short rest point.

From gentle cascades to powerful monsoon-fed falls, the trail offers awe-inspiring sights, constantly adding charm and attracting thousands of trekkers annually.

Although only a few are formally named and known, the route between Bamboo, Dovan, and Deurali is especially known for its waterfall hidden within bamboo and rhododendron forests. This section is often regarded as one of the most scenic parts of the entire trek.

Tikhedhunga Waterfall

This waterfall is located near Tikhedhunga, the first notable waterfall trekkers encounter on the Annapurna Base Camp or Ghorepani Poon Hill Trek route. While most trek maps don’t indicate it or often miss it in guidebooks, many local guides and trekkers refer to this cascade as the Tikhedhunga waterfall near Bhrungdi Khola.

You can get the best view of the waterfall from the suspension bridge crossing or the short tributary path to Bhrungdi Khola.

The fall itself is fed by the Bhrungdi drainage. For that reason, the waterfall shows seasonal changes; moderate in dry months and quite dramatic during the monsoon and the immediate post-monsoon. This makes it a perfect spot for photography and videography.

Streams and Cascades Near Bamboo and Dovan

As you continue your trek from Bamboo (2,310 m) towards Dovan (2,600 m), the trail continues along the Modi Khola valley. There are several small and large waterfalls throughout the route. It feels like entering a completely different world, quiet, green, and full of flowing water.

Waterfalls in these sections are formed mainly by glacial and permanent spring melt from high ridges and cirques. The waterfalls descend steeply from rhododendron and oak-forested slopes.

These falls do not typically have a particular name, and aren’t famous, but they are widely referred to in trek itineraries as scenic waterfall zones.

Even though they’re small, they offer a sense of liveliness and calm, making it one of the most memorable parts of the climb.

Himalaya to Deurali Waterfall

As the valley narrows and the forest line starts to disappear, steep rock walls rise on both sides of the path. It creates the perfect conditions for water to fall directly from high above.

En route, trekkers can clearly see waterfalls rather than just small streams, making this section visually striking.

Most of the waterfalls in this belt are formed by snowmelt, glacial runoff, and seasonal rainfall from Annapurna South and Hiunchuli. During spring and early summer, these waterfalls are narrow, snow-fed, but these same waters turn into powerful waterfalls.

This section is known for avalanche paths and rockfall zones, so trekkers are advised to walk carefully and follow the guide’s instructions.

Forest Cascades Between Bamboo and Himalaya

The trail between Bamboo and Himalaya passes through dense forest, following the currents of Modi Khola. In this section, trekkers can encounter several small hillside cascades formed by narrow streams, which are mostly notable during the spring and monsoon season.

The water here does not fall from great height, but moves quickly over rocks and soil; normally falling from 5-10 meters. Although small and scattered, they add an immersive experience; a feeling of walking through a living, water-rich valley.

While they are not major waterfalls, their presence is consistent and noticeable, especially after rain.

Deurali Waterfall Near Deurali Village

Near Deurali, just before the final ascent to Machhapuchhre Base Camp and Annapurna Base Camp, a larger, more dramatic waterfall can be seen flowing down near the trail.

This snowmelt fed, and the seasonal runoff waterfall gushes down directly from the steep rock walls above Deurali.

Although it does not have an officially recorded name or height, trekking guides describe it simply as the Deurali waterfall due to its location. Most trekkers describe this waterfall as one of the most visually striking waterfalls on the upper ABC route.

This fall is often described from a scenic perspective, and it stands out as a natural landmark on the approach to Machhapuchhre Base Camp.

Waterfall Near Kimche to New Bridge

Additionally, trekkers can spot several small waterfalls and cascades between Kimche and the New Bridge. These are mostly seasonal streams flowing over rocks and moss.

While they are not tall or have specific names, their presence adds meaning and a refreshing touch to your Annapurna Base Camp Trek. The gentle sound of flowing water creates a peaceful forested environment in this lower section of the trek.

Hot Spring Along the ABC Trail

The Annapurna Base Camp route isn’t just about rivers and waterfalls; it’s also home to the region’s most relaxing “geothermal hot spring”, Jhinu Danda Hot Spring. A dip in these warm pools offers trekkers a rare chance to relax their muscles after a week’s strenuous walk.

Jhinu Danda Hot Springs

Probably the only and the best-known geothermal hot spring on the ABC Trek, Jhinu Danda, is one of the most attractive features for trekkers returning from the Sanctuary.

The village of Jhinu Danda is situated at around 1780 meters (5,840 ft) in the Modi Khola valley. From the teahouse in Jhinu Danda, the hot spring is roughly 20-30 minutes of steep descent through the forest. It is situated right at the bank of the Modi Khola.

The pool is more comfortable and warmer rather than scalding. It is known to improve circulation and give trekkers a deep sense of relaxation. The experience of sitting in warm water while the cold Modi Khola roars just meters away makes this spot unique.

Local caretakers collect a small fee to maintain the pool. Additionally, they also limit bath time and restrict the use of soap or chemicals to protect the water quality and the surrounding environment.

Furthermore, trekkers in Jhinu Danda can meet Gurung families and enjoy teahouse hospitality, making it both a social and natural experience in the lower ABC trek.

Why Rivers and Hot Springs Define the ABC Trekking Experience

The constant presence of water, the burble of ABC Trek rivers, the spray of waterfalls, and the warmth of hot springs create a rich scenic experience. This contrast reflects the diversity of the landscape in the Annapurna region.

These ABC Trek rivers, waterfalls, and hot springs not only create a unique physical terrain, but also the ecology. They shape lush forests, bamboo groves, rhododendrons, oak, and alpine meadows. They all thrive along river valleys, providing habitat for Himalayan flora and fauna.

For international trekkers, the hot springs at Jhinu Danda are a therapeutic as well as unique experience, unlike anything they have ever experienced before. In addition to that, local cultural exploration and traditional Nepalese hospitality further enhance their trekking experience.

The glacial-fed Modi Khola and tributaries remind trekkers of the mountains’ power and fragility. Water here comes directly from snow and ice, highlighting both geological wonder and the importance of natural preservation.

Safety Tips Around Rivers, Waterfalls, and Hot Springs

While these water features are the real hero, adding magic to the ABC trek, they also carry risks. So, here are some safety tips you can follow around rivers, waterfalls, and a hot spring.

• Do not drink water directly from the source without purifying it. Even though they come from glacial and snow melt, they carry sediments, pathogens, and are often too cold to drink.
• Be cautious when walking near waterfalls and cascades, especially during the monsoon and snow-melt season. Rock surfaces become extremely slippery.
• Always cross rivers and streams from designated, shallow paths and bridges. Do not attempt crossing at random points; glacial rivers can have strong undercurrents, unstable banks, or fast flows.
• Respect local regulations. At Jhinu Danda Hot Springs, use designated pools, avoid using soaps or harmful substances, and respect local customs (some springs require small donations).
• Be careful with altitude and water exposure. After a long, high-altitude day, you might feel like jumping into cold water. However, this can shock the body. Warm springs are safer, but listen to your body and avoid prolonged immersion.
• Follow the “Leave no trace” practice. Avoid polluting rivers or streams. Use biodegradable soap only, and carry out any trash.
• Do not disturb or modify any trail markers. It creates confusion and can lead trekkers to risky areas or get lost.

Conclusion: ABC Trek – A World-Class “Water Trail”

From the glacial-fed streams of Modi Khola to the comforting warmth of Jhinu Danda Hot Springs, the water system in the ABC route becomes your constant companion. The ABC Trek rivers transform the Himalayan adventure into a more natural and self-reflective journey.

The flow of rivers, the roar of waterfalls, and the steam of hot springs offer more than just scenic beauty, but provide rhythm, relief, and a connection to the landscape’s natural cycles.

For trekkers seeking both adventure and serenity, the ABC trek could be the perfect option.

If you choose to trek with Himalayan Masters, you’re not only signing up for majestic snow-capped peaks and cultural immersion, but also this rich water-story that flows through valleys, forests, and springs.

Author

Himalayan Masters

Himalayan Masters has been established by travel and trekking experts with several years of experience. Our consultants have travelled extensively and have in-depth knowledge of the region you will be traveling in.